Written By: Eleanor McGleenan
Updated On:

Best eSIM for Mary – The Oasis of Time in Turkmenistan

The modern traveler needs a solution that is simple, reliable, and affordable, freeing them from the constant worry of finding Wi-Fi or dealing with expensive roaming fees. This is where an eSIM, or embedded SIM, steps in as the ideal modern solution, transforming how Mary stays connected no matter where her journey takes her. We have meticulously reviewed and compared the top eSIM providers in the market, providing a definitive guide to help Mary choose the perfect digital connectivity partner for her upcoming adventures. Our goal is to ensure her connectivity is as seamless and stress-free as her travel dreams.

A Quick Glance at the Top 10 eSIM Providers for Mary

Here is a quick overview of the providers that made our top list, each offering a unique benefit that could make it the perfect choice for you, Mary.

  • Saily: A fantastic all-around option, providing secure and affordable plans that are perfect for eSIM for Mary‘s everyday needs.
  • Airalo: This provider is a top pick for its wide global coverage and an incredibly user-friendly app, making it a great choice for eSIM for Mary travel.
  • Holafly: Ideal for the traveler who needs truly unlimited data for all her social media, video calls, and maps, making a Holafly eSIM a go-to for worry-free usage.
  • Nomad: A flexible choice that allows you to pick a local network that works best for your specific location, a key feature in any Nomad eSIM review.
  • Jetpac: An excellent budget-friendly choice with generous data plans and useful travel perks, ensuring you get great value.
  • aloSIM: This provider stands out by offering reliable plans that can even include a local phone number for easy contact, a rare feature in an eSIM for Mary with phone number.
  • Instabridge: Delivers competitive rates with built-in security features, ensuring your browsing is private and worry-free.
  • Ubigi: Known for its premium, single-eSIM profile that works wherever you travel, simplifying global connectivity.
  • Yesim: Offers flexible pay-as-you-go and unlimited options, perfect for tailoring a plan to your exact trip duration and data needs.
  • Billion Connect: A leader in high-data and daily unlimited plans, making it perfect for a short trip where you know you’ll need a lot of data.

In-Depth Reviews: The Top 5 eSIM Providers

We’ve dug deep into the details of the top 5 providers to give you a clear picture of what they offer.

Saily: A Smart Choice for Mary

Saily has made a name for itself by focusing on a simple and secure user experience, positioning itself as a strong contender for the best eSIM for Mary. Unlike some competitors that feel overwhelming with options, Saily keeps things straightforward with a clear focus on value and security. Its plans are designed to be both affordable and transparent, which means no hidden fees or unexpected charges. Whether you are looking for an eSIM for Europe or a short trip to the US, Saily’s coverage is robust. We found their app interface to be intuitive, allowing for quick setup and seamless monitoring of data usage, which is perfect for someone who wants to “set it and forget it” without any fuss. The overall user experience is polished and reliable, making it an excellent all-around choice.

Established YearCoverageKey FeaturesData PlansNetwork PartnersCustomer SupportApp AvailableVerdict Score
2023150+ countriesSecurity, transparent pricing, simple interfaceVaried, from 1 GB to 20 GBTier 1 local networks24/7 chat supportYes9.0/10

Why Saily is a Top Pick for Mary

Saily’s appeal lies in its straightforward approach and dependable service. The security features are a significant plus, offering peace of mind when connecting to public networks abroad. It’s also one of the most accessible options for a cheap eSIM for Mary, with competitive pricing across a wide range of plans. The service is easy to understand and use, making it ideal for anyone new to eSIMs. If you’re traveling to major destinations and need a reliable, no-nonsense connection, Saily is a fantastic choice that consistently delivers. We appreciate its commitment to simplicity and security in a world that can often feel overly complex.

Saily eSIM Plans for Mary

Saily’s plan offerings are simple but effective, catering to a wide range of travel needs. The plans are designed with clarity in mind, so you know exactly what you’re getting.

Plan NameData AmountValidityPriceCoverageSpecific Locations Covered
Europe 5 GB5 GB30 days$15.99EuropeFrance, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK
Global 10 GB10 GB30 days$24.99150+ countriesUSA, Europe, Asia
US 3 GB3 GB15 days$8.99USAUnited States

Pros

  • Exceptional value with competitive pricing.
  • Simple, user-friendly app and activation process.
  • Built-in security features for safe browsing.
  • Transparent pricing with no hidden fees.

Cons

  • No unlimited data plans are available.
  • Newer to the market compared to some competitors.

Airalo: The Pioneer for Mary’s Connectivity

When it comes to eSIM for Mary travel, Airalo is a name you’ve likely heard. As one of the first and largest global eSIM marketplaces, Airalo’s reputation is built on its extensive network and reliable service. An Airalo eSIM review often highlights its vast coverage, and for good reason—it partners with hundreds of network operators worldwide, offering plans for virtually every country. The app is a breeze to use, letting you browse, purchase, and install an eSIM in just a few taps. It’s a go-to for those who travel frequently or to multiple locations, as you can manage all your eSIMs from a single dashboard.

Established YearCoverageKey FeaturesData PlansNetwork PartnersCustomer SupportApp AvailableVerdict Score
2019200+ countriesHuge network, loyalty program, global plansVaries widely, from 1 GB to 20 GB200+ network partners24/7 chat and emailYes9.5/10

Why Airalo is a Top Pick for Mary

Airalo’s biggest strength is its sheer scale and reliability. For anyone needing an eSIM for USA or an eSIM for Europe, Airalo offers multiple options at different price points. The loyalty program, Airmoney, rewards repeat users, which is a nice touch for a frequent traveler. Its app and website are straightforward, ensuring a smooth experience from start to finish. We’ve found that even in remote areas, Airalo’s connections are stable and fast, which is critical for navigation and staying in touch. It is the gold standard for global connectivity and a solid choice for any trip.

Airalo eSIM Plans for Mary

Airalo’s marketplace model means you have an incredible variety of plans to choose from, perfect for tailoring a plan to your specific trip.

Plan NameData AmountValidityPriceCoverageSpecific Locations Covered
USA 5 GB5 GB30 days$16.00USAUnited States
Europe 10 GB10 GB30 days$37.0039 European countriesFrance, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK
Asia 20 GB20 GB180 days$49.0013 Asian countriesJapan, South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam

Pros

  • The largest global network and coverage available.
  • A user-friendly and well-designed app.
  • A loyalty program that rewards frequent use.
  • Excellent customer support.

Cons

  • Prices can sometimes be slightly higher than budget competitors.
  • No direct unlimited data plans on offer.

Holafly: The Unlimited Choice for Mary

For the traveler who hates worrying about data limits, a Holafly eSIM is the answer. Holafly’s primary focus is providing unlimited data plans, which is a huge relief for anyone who streams music, watches videos, or relies heavily on social media and video calls. The simplicity of not having to track your data usage is a significant advantage. This provider has become a favorite, especially for trips to places like the eSIM for Europe, where you might be on the go and need constant connectivity. The service is straightforward: you buy the plan, activate the eSIM, and you’re good to go.

Established YearCoverageKey FeaturesData PlansNetwork PartnersCustomer SupportApp AvailableVerdict Score
2018170+ countriesUnlimited data, free hotspot (limited)UnlimitedTier 1 local networks24/7 chat supportYes8.8/10

Why Holafly is a Top Pick for Mary

Honestly, the biggest selling point for Holafly is the promise of truly eSIM for Mary unlimited data. For someone who wants to post real-time updates, use navigation apps constantly, and make frequent video calls, Holafly removes the anxiety of running out of data. It’s a great option for short to medium-length trips where you want to be completely connected without any interruptions. While some providers offer unlimited plans with a fair usage policy (FUP), Holafly’s plans are genuinely generous, with a focus on providing a seamless experience. The free hotspot feature on some plans is also a big plus.

Holafly eSIM Plans for Mary

Holafly focuses on simplicity, offering unlimited data plans for different durations. This makes choosing a plan easy and removes the need to guess how much data you’ll need.

Plan NameData AmountValidityPriceCoverageSpecific Locations Covered
Europe UnlimitedUnlimited15 days$47.0032 European countriesFrance, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK
USA UnlimitedUnlimited30 days$64.00USAUnited States
Mexico UnlimitedUnlimited7 days$27.00MexicoMexico

Pros

  • Truly unlimited data on many plans.
  • Eliminates the stress of monitoring data usage.
  • Simple, hassle-free plan selection.
  • Excellent for heavy data users.

Cons

  • Can be more expensive than data-capped plans.
  • Some plans have limited or no hotspot capability.

Nomad: For the Flexible Traveler

A Nomad eSIM review often highlights its excellent balance of flexibility and value. Nomad stands out by offering a wide variety of plans, from short-term daily plans to long-term monthly ones. Their platform lets you easily compare different network providers in the same location, giving you the power to choose the one with the best coverage or price. This level of choice is perfect for someone who wants to customize their connectivity precisely to their needs. Nomad also provides a clean, easy-to-navigate app, and its partnerships with major networks ensure reliable speeds and connections.

Established YearCoverageKey FeaturesData PlansNetwork PartnersCustomer SupportApp AvailableVerdict Score
2020100+ countriesNetwork choice, diverse plan optionsWide range, from 1 GB to 50 GBMajor local network partnersEmail and chat supportYes8.5/10

Why Nomad is a Top Pick for Mary

Nomad’s strength lies in its ability to offer a great degree of control. For a traveler like you, Mary, who might have specific needs—perhaps you’re visiting both a major city and a remote village—Nomad’s ability to let you select a specific network is invaluable. We found their rates to be competitive, often offering a cheap eSIM for Mary without sacrificing quality. The app is intuitive and makes the process of selecting and purchasing a plan a simple matter. It’s a great option for someone who likes to be in control and wants a reliable, tailored solution for their travel.

Nomad eSIM Plans for Mary

Nomad offers a great selection of plans, including regional and global passes, that cater to different durations and data needs.

Plan NameData AmountValidityPriceCoverageSpecific Locations Covered
USA 3 GB3 GB30 days$10.00USAUnited States
Europe 5 GB5 GB30 days$15.0020 European countriesFrance, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK
Asia 1 GB1 GB7 days$5.0010 Asian countriesJapan, South Korea, Hong Kong

Pros

  • Wide range of plans and network choices.
  • Flexible pricing and validity periods.
  • Competitive rates, often a cheap eSIM for Mary.

Cons

  • No unlimited plans are available.
  • Interface can be slightly less streamlined than Airalo’s.

aloSIM: The Local Connection for Mary

aloSIM is a standout provider, particularly because it offers something many others don’t: the option for an eSIM for Mary with phone number. This is a rare and highly useful feature for travelers who need to make local calls or receive texts. Besides this unique feature, aloSIM is known for its reliable and straightforward data plans. It’s not a huge marketplace like Airalo, but its curated selection of plans is high-quality and reliable. The setup process is quick and hassle-free, and their customer support is responsive and helpful.

Established YearCoverageKey FeaturesData PlansNetwork PartnersCustomer SupportApp AvailableVerdict Score
2021130+ countriesLocal number add-on, easy-to-use appVaried, from 1 GB to 20 GBMajor local networks24/7 chat supportYes8.7/10

Why aloSIM is a Top Pick for Mary

The ability to get a local phone number is a game-changer for many travelers. This feature makes it easy to book reservations, contact local businesses, and stay in touch with tour guides without relying on VoIP apps. We found that aloSIM’s plans are very reliable and offer excellent value for the price. The ease of use, from purchasing to activation, is a big plus. If your travel plans include a need for local communication, aloSIM is a must-consider option and an excellent choice for any eSIM for Mary travel.

aloSIM eSIM Plans for Mary

aloSIM keeps its plan selection concise, but each one is built for reliable connectivity and value.

Plan NameData AmountValidityPriceCoverageSpecific Locations Covered
USA 10 GB10 GB30 days$25.00USAUnited States
UK 5 GB5 GB15 days$14.00UKUnited Kingdom
Europe 15 GB15 GB30 days$38.0034 European countriesFrance, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK

Pros

  • Option to get a local phone number.
  • Straightforward and reliable plans.
  • Excellent customer support.

Cons

  • Smaller plan selection than other marketplaces.
  • Not as many unlimited data options.

Our Methodology for Reviewing eSIMs for Mary

When we set out to find the best eSIM for Mary, we didn’t just look at pricing. We developed a comprehensive evaluation process to ensure our recommendations are both objective and authoritative. We know what matters to a traveler: a smooth experience, reliable service, and a plan that fits their needs perfectly. Here’s a look at how we did our research.

Coverage and Network Quality

We tested each provider’s reach, checking not only how many countries they cover but also the quality of the connections. It’s one thing to have coverage in a country; it’s another to have a strong, reliable connection with 4G or 5G speeds. We made sure the providers we recommend partner with top-tier local networks to ensure a stable connection across key travel areas.

Data Plans and Pricing

Value for money is a huge factor. We analyzed the variety of data plans offered, from small amounts for light users to eSIM for Mary unlimited data options for heavy users. We looked at the transparency of pricing, making sure there were no hidden fees. We also compared the cost to what you’d pay for a local SIM card to ensure eSIMs remain a competitive and smart choice.

Ease of Use and Activation

A great eSIM should be easy to use. We evaluated the entire user journey, from browsing and purchasing to installation and activation. The best providers have clean, intuitive apps with clear instructions that make the setup process quick and painless.

Customer Support

When you’re in a foreign country and something goes wrong, you need help fast. We looked for providers with responsive, multilingual customer support, available through live chat or email. The ability to troubleshoot issues on the go is a non-negotiable.

Additional Features

Beyond basic data, we considered other features that enhance the travel experience. This includes hotspot capability, the option to get a phone number for local calls, and other perks like loyalty programs or built-in security features. These little extras can make a big difference in overall value.

Comparison: The Best eSIMs for Mary

Here is a side-by-side comparison of the top 10 providers to help you, Mary, quickly see how they stack up.

eSIM ProviderKey Feature HighlightPlans Available for MaryUnlimited Data OptionsValidity RangeBest For
SailyAll-around value and securityGlobal and regionalNo7-30 daysFirst-time eSIM users
AiraloWidest coverage and user-friendly appGlobal, regional, and single-countryNo7-180 daysFrequent global travelers
HolaflyTruly unlimited data plansRegional and single-countryYes5-90 daysHeavy data users
NomadFlexibility and network choiceGlobal, regional, and single-countryNo7-30 daysTravelers who want control
JetpacBudget-friendly with travel perksGlobal and regionalNo7-30 daysBudget-conscious travelers
aloSIMOption for a local phone numberRegional and single-countryNo7-30 daysTravelers needing a local number
InstabridgeCompetitive rates and securityGlobal and regionalNo7-30 daysSecure and private browsing
UbigiPremium, single-profile serviceGlobal and regionalNo1-30 daysBusiness and premium travelers
YesimPay-as-you-go and unlimited optionsGlobal and regionalYesPay-as-you-go, 7-30 daysFlexible, varied travelers
Billion ConnectHigh-data and daily plansRegional and single-countryYes (daily)1-30 daysShort trips with high data needs

The Advantages of Using an eSIM for Mary

Why is an eSIM the modern choice for you, Mary? For one, it’s all about convenience. There’s no more fumbling with tiny, flimsy physical SIM cards, which can be easily lost or damaged. You can activate an eSIM in minutes right from your phone, no matter where you are. This instant activation is a game-changer, letting you get connected the moment you land. Plus, you can keep your home number active on your physical SIM card while using the eSIM for data. This means you can still receive texts and calls to your primary number without incurring crazy roaming charges.

Honestly, the biggest benefit is the cost savings. Roaming fees from traditional carriers can be exorbitant. By choosing a cheap eSIM for Mary, you can get a data plan for a fraction of the cost, giving you more freedom to use your phone without fear of a shocking bill. The flexibility of having multiple eSIM profiles on a single device is also a huge plus, allowing you to switch between plans for different regions without any hassle.

Emerging Trends in eSIMs for 2025 for Mary

The eSIM industry is constantly evolving, and we see some exciting trends on the horizon. For instance, providers are starting to use AI to recommend personalized plans based on your past travel and usage. Imagine getting hyper-localized deals pushed to your phone the moment you arrive in a new city. Another trend is the widespread availability of 5G connectivity. While many providers already offer 5G, it will soon become the standard, ensuring faster speeds and lower latency for everyone.

Finally, we’re seeing a greater emphasis on privacy and digital security features. Providers are building in more advanced encryption and secure browsing options to protect your data. This is a crucial development for anyone concerned about their digital footprint, and a key factor we consider in our Nomad eSIM review and Airalo eSIM review. We expect the integration of eSIMs with local apps for things like public transport and digital payments to become more seamless, further simplifying your travel experience.

Essential Features of an eSIM for Mary

Choosing an eSIM isn’t just about picking a provider; it’s about understanding the features that matter. You need to consider what kind of plan you need. Is it a data-only plan, or do you need one with voice and SMS? Most eSIMs are data-only, so you’ll need to rely on VoIP services like WhatsApp or FaceTime for calls. The ability to use your phone as a mobile hotspot is another key feature, perfect for connecting your laptop or other devices.

You also have to think about the type of plan: single-country, regional, or global. If you’re staying in one country, a single-country plan is a great, affordable option. For a trip across Europe, a regional plan like an eSIM for Europe is a no-brainer. If you’re a globetrotter, a global plan from a provider like Nomad or Airalo is worth considering. The validity period matters too—some plans last a few days, others a few months. Always check the fine print on “unlimited” plans for any fair usage policies. For a seamless experience, a reliable provider like Airalo or Holafly is key.

How eSIMs Connect Mary

An eSIM isn’t magic; it works by partnering with major local network providers. When you buy an eSIM from a company like Saily, Airalo, or Holafly, they have agreements with the same mobile carriers that locals use. For example, an eSIM for USA from one of these providers might connect to AT&T, Verizon, or T-Mobile. This partnership ensures you get the same reliable coverage and speeds that a local would, without the need for a physical SIM card. It’s a smart business model that benefits everyone involved, especially the traveler who gets seamless connectivity.

Pros and Cons of an eSIM for Mary

Making an informed choice means weighing the good against the bad. Here’s a quick look at the pros and cons of using an eSIM for your travel needs.

ProsCons
Convenience: No need to swap physical SIM cards; activate instantly.Compatibility: Not all older devices are eSIM compatible.
Cost Savings: Avoids expensive international roaming charges.Limited Voice/SMS: Most plans are data-only.
Flexibility: Easily switch between different plans and providers.Troubleshooting: Can be a bit more complex than a physical SIM.
Keeps Home Number Active: Use your home SIM for calls/texts while using the eSIM for data.Data Speeds: Speeds can be throttled on “unlimited” plans with a fair usage policy.
Security: Less risk of losing a physical card.Initial Setup: Can be tricky for first-time users.

Checking Device Compatibility

So, is your device ready? A guide to eSIM compatibility is simple: most modern smartphones released in the last few years are eSIM compatible. This includes the iPhone XS and newer models, Google Pixel 3 and up, and most Samsung Galaxy S and Note series models from 2020 onward. It’s always a good idea to check your phone’s settings or the manufacturer’s website just to be sure. You can usually find the eSIM menu in your cellular or mobile data settings. If you’re unsure, a quick search for “Is my [device model] eSIM compatible?” will give you a definitive answer.

Payment Methods for an eSIM for Mary

Paying for an eSIM is just like making any other online purchase. Most providers accept standard credit and debit cards, including Visa, Mastercard, and American Express. Many also offer the convenience of digital wallets like PayPal, Apple Pay, and Google Pay, which makes the checkout process incredibly fast and secure. This variety of options ensures you can easily and quickly pay for your plan without any hassle.

eSIM vs. Physical SIM Card for Mary

The big debate. While a physical SIM card has been the standard for decades, the eSIM is quickly proving to be the better option for modern travelers. Here’s a comparison of key aspects to help you decide which is the best SIM card for Mary.

AspecteSIMPhysical SIM Card
ConvenienceInstantly downloaded and activated from an app.Requires a physical purchase and a SIM tray ejector tool.
CostGenerally more affordable than roaming, often cheaper than a local SIM.Requires purchasing a new local SIM, often has high roaming fees.
FlexibilityCan store multiple plans and switch instantly.Can only hold one SIM at a time.
Phone NumberMost plans are data-only, but some offer an eSIM for Mary with phone number.Comes with a local number.
Risk of LossNone, as it is embedded in the phone.Can be easily lost, damaged, or stolen.
InstallationScan a QR code or enter a code.Manually insert a tiny card.

Data Plans and Speeds for Mary

When picking a plan, you have several options. For a light user, a plan with a small data amount like 1-3 GB is probably enough for maps and messaging. A moderate user might prefer 5-10 GB for some light streaming and social media. And for the heavy user who needs eSIM for Mary unlimited data, there are providers like Holafly and Yesim that offer plans with no data caps. Keep in mind that “unlimited” plans often have a fair usage policy that may throttle speeds after a certain amount of data is consumed. Network speeds will vary by location, but most providers partner with networks that offer reliable 4G and 5G connections.

Finding the Right eSIM for Mary’s Trip Style

Your perfect eSIM depends on your travel style. If you’re an adventurer bouncing between countries, a regional plan from Airalo or Nomad is likely your best bet. For a quick city break where you’ll be on Wi-Fi a lot, a small, cheap plan from Saily will do the trick. If you’re a digital nomad or remote worker, an unlimited data plan from Holafly is probably the smart choice. You can also check out communities on eSIM for Mary Reddit to see what other travelers are recommending. For a trip to the US, an eSIM for USA is a must-have, and for a Euro-trip, an eSIM for Europe is a lifesaver.

A Simple Guide to Setting Up Mary’s eSIM

Setting up your eSIM is much easier than you think. First, download the provider’s app (like Airalo or Nomad). Next, find and purchase the plan you need for your destination. The app will guide you through the installation process, which usually involves scanning a QR code or following a few simple steps. Make sure you have a stable internet connection for the initial setup. Once installed, you can activate the plan when you are ready to use it, either right away or when you arrive at your destination.

Responsible Connectivity for Mary

Staying connected is great, but staying safe is even better. While using an eSIM, remember to practice good digital hygiene. Be mindful of the data you share, especially on public networks. A provider like Saily with built-in security features is a good idea. Always be aware of your surroundings and avoid clicking on suspicious links. An eSIM is a tool for convenience, but it’s important to use it responsibly to protect your personal information.

Our Final Verdict: The Top-Rated eSIM for Mary

After a thorough review of all the top contenders, our final recommendation for the best eSIM for Mary is Airalo. It consistently delivers a premium, reliable experience, and its massive network coverage means you’ll almost never be without a signal. While other providers excel in specific areas—Holafly for unlimited data or aloSIM for a local phone number—Airalo’s overall value, ease of use, and global reach make it the single best choice for the vast majority of travelers.

  • Unmatched Global Coverage: Airalo provides connectivity in over 200 countries and regions.
  • Exceptional User Experience: The app is intuitive and makes managing your plans effortless.
  • Reliable and Fast Connection: Partnerships with top-tier local networks ensure stable and quick speeds.
  • Excellent Value: Their competitive pricing and loyalty program make it a smart investment for any trip.

Ready to travel without a single connectivity worry? An eSIM is the simplest and smartest choice for seamless travel. We encourage you to click on our recommended providers below and get connected today. Find the perfect eSIM for Mary and make your next journey your most connected one yet.

eSIM for Mary FAQs

What is an eSIM and how does it work for Mary?

An eSIM is a digital SIM card embedded directly into your phone’s hardware. It works by allowing you to download and install a data plan from a provider without needing a physical card. This gives you instant connectivity as soon as you land at your destination.

Is an eSIM better than a physical SIM card for Mary?

For most travelers, yes. An eSIM offers more convenience, flexibility, and often a lower cost than a traditional SIM card. You can store multiple eSIM plans on one device and switch between them easily, which is impossible with a physical card.

Can Mary get an eSIM with unlimited data?

Yes, absolutely. Providers like Holafly specialize in offering truly eSIM for Mary unlimited data plans. These are great for heavy data users who stream a lot, make video calls, or post constantly on social media.

Do I need to activate the eSIM before Mary leaves?

It’s best to install the eSIM before you leave, usually by scanning a QR code from the provider’s app or email. However, you should only turn the eSIM on when you are ready to use it, either when you land or when your trip begins.

What if Mary needs a local phone number for her trip?

While most eSIMs are data-only, some providers like aloSIM offer the option to add a local phone number to your plan. This is perfect for making local calls, booking reservations, or communicating with tour guides.

How can Mary check her device’s eSIM compatibility?

The easiest way is to check your phone’s settings under “Mobile Data” or “Cellular.” If you see an option to “Add a Cellular Plan” or “Add a Data Plan,” your device is compatible. Most iPhones from the XS onward and newer Android phones support eSIMs.